File uploads ni common feature, lakini pia inapotumika vibaya, inaweza kupelekea: Upload ya malicious scripts (PHP, JS, etc.) Server compromise Data leaks Goa...
Session hijacking: attacker anaiba session ID ya authenticated user na anapata access isiyo halali. Goal: Protect user sessions kwa kutumia: Secure cookies Regen...
Brute force attack: attacker anajaribu password nyingi kwa kutumia automated scripts. Solution: Implement login attempt limiter ili: Kuzuia login attempts nyingi ku...
HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) ni version salama ya HTTP. Inatumia SSL/TLS certificates ku-encrypt data kati ya browser ya user na server. Inazuia eaves...
Secure login system inapaswa kuwa na: Password hashing – password_hash() na password_verify() Prepared statements – kuzuia SQL injection Session management – kud...
Web applications zinaweza kuwa vulnerable kwa attacks mbalimbali ikiwa best practices za security hazitazingatiwa. Common vulnerabilities ni pamoja na: SQL Injectio...
Password hashing ni mchakato wa kubadilisha password kuwa string isiyo readable kabla ya ku-save kwenye database. Salting ni kuongeza random value kwenye password kabl...
CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) ni attack ambapo attacker analazimisha browser ya user ku-submit request isiyotarajiwa kwenye website yako, ikiwa user tayari ame-authen...
XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) ni attack ambapo attacker anaingiza malicious scripts kwenye input fields au URLs, na scripts hizi zinaweza kutekelezwa kwenye browser ya user ...
SQL Injection ni moja ya most common web vulnerabilities ambapo attacker anaweza kuingiza malicious SQL commands kwenye input fields na kudhuru database. Solution: Use...